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Review of Case Materials
Reviews records, documents, testimony, data, and other relevant materials and consults with counsel regarding technical issues related to the matter.
Provide Expert Analysis
Applies specialized knowledge and experience to evaluate the technical or professional issues involved.
Form Expert Opinions
Develops independent, supportable opinions based on the available evidence and relevant standards.
Prepare Expert Reports
Prepares clear, well-supported expert reports outlining methodology, analysis, findings, and opinions.
Provide Deposition Testimony
Explains findings and opinions under oath and responds to questioning during deposition testimony.
Testify in Court
Presents specialized findings and opinions clearly to judges, juries, arbitrators, or other decision-makers.
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Sensor drift can be evaluated by comparing the instrument output with independent measurements, calibration or reference checks, environmental conditions, process records, and readings from before and after the disputed period. Drift is a change in an instrument’s indication that is not caused by a corresponding change in the quantity being measured. A gradual shift isolated to one instrument may be consistent with drift, but environmental effects, installation conditions, reference problems, sensor response characteristics, signal conditioning, or data-acquisition errors should also be considered. Stability, repeatability, and comparison data can help distinguish among these possibilities.
Yes. A recent calibration does not guarantee that every later measurement made with the instrument is reliable. Measurement results can still be affected by probe or connection problems, range settings, installation, environmental conditions, drift, signal processing, measurement procedure, damage, or operation outside the conditions covered by the calibration. The measurement uncertainty must also be appropriate for the intended use. Calibration records should therefore be evaluated together with the actual measurement setup and operating conditions.
Metrological traceability applies to a measurement result and requires that the result be related to a specified reference through a documented, unbroken chain of calibrations, with each step contributing to the measurement uncertainty. Relevant evidence may include calibration records, reference standards, measurement procedures, uncertainty information, and the conditions under which the measurements were made. A calibration sticker or certificate alone does not automatically establish traceability for every later measurement produced by the instrument.
The first step is to determine whether both instruments were actually measuring the same quantity under comparable conditions. Relevant factors may include calibration status, measurement range, resolution, response time, sampling location, timestamps, sensor technology, installation, environmental conditions, signal conditioning, filtering or averaging, and measurement uncertainty. Different readings may result from an instrument problem, but they can also occur when the instruments respond to different spatial, temporal, or physical aspects of the measured condition. Those differences should be evaluated before either reading is treated as incorrect.
