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Review of Case Materials
Reviews records, documents, testimony, data, and other relevant materials and consults with counsel regarding technical issues related to the matter.
Provide Expert Analysis
Applies specialized knowledge and experience to evaluate the technical or professional issues involved.
Form Expert Opinions
Develops independent, supportable opinions based on the available evidence and relevant standards.
Prepare Expert Reports
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Ultrasound is performed dynamically in real time, so separate examinations may not reproduce identical views. Patient position, transducer selection and orientation, anatomy, acoustic windows, examination technique, technical settings, and the structures specifically investigated can affect what is visualized and how clearly it appears. Differences may also reflect a true interval change in the underlying condition, so comparison should account for both the acquisition circumstances and the time between examinations.
Grayscale, or B-mode, ultrasound primarily depicts anatomical structures, while Doppler techniques provide information about movement, particularly blood flow. Color Doppler can display the presence and direction of flow, spectral Doppler provides waveforms that can be used to characterize flow direction and velocity, and power Doppler is particularly sensitive to low-flow states but generally does not provide flow direction or velocity. The significance of a Doppler finding depends on the technique, settings, insonation angle when relevant, anatomy, and clinical question.
No. A negative ultrasound should be interpreted in light of the anatomy that was adequately visualized and whether ultrasound was an appropriate method for investigating the suspected condition. Air or gas, bone, greater tissue depth, limited acoustic windows, positioning, motion, and other technical factors can restrict visualization. Some abnormalities may require CT, MRI, another ultrasound technique, or other testing for adequate assessment.
Echocardiography is cardiovascular ultrasound focused on the structure and function of the heart. It uses specialized imaging views, measurements, and Doppler techniques to assess cardiac chambers, wall motion, valves, blood flow, and hemodynamic function. Although it uses the same fundamental ultrasound principles as other sonographic examinations, performance and interpretation require cardiac-specific training and clinical context.
Prepares clear, well-supported expert reports outlining methodology, analysis, findings, and opinions.
Provide Deposition Testimony
Explains findings and opinions under oath and responds to questioning during deposition testimony.
Testify in Court
Presents specialized findings and opinions clearly to judges, juries, arbitrators, or other decision-makers.
Saved still images and cine clips form the retrievable visual documentation of selected anatomy, measurements, Doppler findings, and other observations recorded during the examination. They can be compared with the report to determine whether documented findings are represented and whether certain technical limitations are visible. Because ultrasound is performed continuously in real time, however, the archived material generally represents selected documentation and should not automatically be treated as a complete frame-by-frame record of everything observed during the examination.
